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Cultural Variation
Variable signal

Smiling Conventions

Differing cultural rules about when and how much it is appropriate to smile.

Context
Channel
Variable
Reliability
Advanced
Difficulty to Read
Example

In some cultures frequent smiling at strangers is warm, while in others it seems insincere.

How to Read It

Read smiling against local convention rather than assuming a fixed meaning everywhere.

A Word of Caution

A reserved manner does not always mean coldness, so avoid hasty judgements.

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